Meh. I dislike things that provide error messages saying they don't work, when they work.
Anyway, thanks for your suggestion. It was indeed working, and with a little tweaking I got the default install functioning perfectly. I was then able to make note of the paths from the config.inc.php and main.inc.php from that install and modify the files from the installation I was moving, drop the database tables, import the dump of the database from the old host, and everything's working peachy keen now.